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❖ Unit 4 ❖ Sustainable Development ❖ Grammar ❖

Future Simple & Future Perfect

Two future tenses: future simple for actions that will happen, and future perfect for actions that will be finished by a future point.

1

Future Simple

Form
Subject + will + bare infinitive
Next summer I will travel to Tetouan.
We will study English tomorrow at 10:00.
Morocco will not (won't) organise the World Club Cup next year.

Use: for actions that will happen at a time in the future (predictions, promises, spontaneous decisions, future facts).

2

Future Perfect

Form
Subject + will + have + past participle (V3)
By next Friday, we will have finished all lessons.
We will have left the classroom by 9:15.

Use: for actions that will be completed before a specific time in the future.

Time markers (very important)

3

Future Simple vs Future Perfect

Future Simple

The action will happen.

Ronaldo will come to Morocco next year.

Future Perfect

The action will be finished by a moment.

By next year, Ronaldo will have retired.

4

Practice — Choose the right tense

Future simple or future perfect?
  1. I (not/finish) won't have finished the job by the time you come back tomorrow.
  2. By next summer, my father (buy) will have bought a car.
  3. They (do) will do their homework tonight.
  4. She (clean) will have cleaned her house by 10 o'clock.
  5. I (go) will go shopping next Sunday.
  6. (you/eat) Will you have eaten by six?
  7. What (you/do) will you have done by the end of the day?
  8. Ronaldo (not come) will not come / won't come to Morocco next year.
  9. Hamid and his friends (play) will play football tomorrow.
  10. My friend (arrive) will have arrived from America by the end of this week.
  11. By 2025, the government (build) will have built a lot of new schools.

❖ Key Takeaways ❖

① Two future tenses

Future simple = will + bare verb. Future perfect = will + have + V3.

② Time markers decide

Words like by 2030 / by the end of the week / by next year trigger the future perfect.

③ Negatives

won't (= will not) / won't have + V3 (future perfect negative).

❖ Exam tip

Look for the time marker! If the sentence contains "by + future time", use the future perfect (e.g. "By 2030, Morocco will have invested…").

❖ Unit 4 — Sustainable Development — Grammar: Future Tenses ❖